Deterrence (Part Eight)
Respectable:
Only one lawyer was ever executed in Britain in the twentieth century. Major Herbert Rowse Armstrong qualified as a solicitor in 1895, practising in Newton Abbott and Liverpool before moving to Hay-on-Wye in 1906. He became a junior partner in the firm Cheese and Armstrong, before his partner's death in 1914. Armstrong then took over the business. He was a respected figure in Hay-on-Wye in Wales.
His murder conviction remains controversial even now. Many believe it to be a miscarriage of justice nearly a century after he was hanged by the then Chief Executioner, John Ellis. Armstrong was an unusual candidate for execution. He was popular with guards who wanted Ellis and his assistant Edward Taylor to ensure that the polite officer of the court did not suffer unnecessarily. The hangmen were not pleased. So how did the distinguished former Major go from a respected solicitor to the condemned cell in Gloucester Prison?
Pesky Dandelions:
Armstrong had a problem with pesky, but determined dandelions, colonising his garden. On August 4th 1920 he purchased weed-killer to deal with the nuisance. His relationship with his wife Katharine was said to be strained. She eventually required treatment for delusions in a mental institution, being admitted two days after the purchase of the weed-killer.
On January 11th 1921 Armstrong purchased some arsenic, purportedly to tackle the persistent, but unwanted dandelions. He bought and kept a quantity of the deadly poison, which he decided to divide into portions to deal with each plant individually. It was an odd method of dealing with the menace of the dandelions, but that was his justification for the purchase of the poison. It did not impress the judge who quizzed him closely on the topic.
Rivalry:
Three days later Armstrong contacted the hospital and arranged the return home of his wife, whose health had improved. He had arranged for a nurse to care for her, but the carer soon quit, unable to cope with her patient's strong wish to commit suicide. A new nurse was hired and Mrs Armstrong's health steadily deteriorated.
Her death on February 22nd 1921 was attributed to her illness. Armstrong was the beneficiary of her will, said to be a forgery, but the bequest did not change his lifestyle significantly. A dispute with another solicitor Oswald Martin, however, was the beginning of the end for him. Purportedly to settle the dispute Martin took tea and scones with Armstrong on October 26th.
A box of chocolates sent to Martin previously had been laced with arsenic and after taking tea and scones with Armstrong, Martin fell ill. His sister-in-law Dorothy suffered the same fate after eating some of the chocolates. Both the chocolates and Martin's urine contained arsenic.
That started a careful and secretive investigation into Armstrong. The former Major was after all a respected member of Hay-on-Wye's community. Nevertheless, he continued to invite Martin round and his rival kept refusing until December 31st. Armstrong was interviewed and charged with attempting to murder Martin. Two days later his wife's body was exhumed and on January 19th Armstrong was charged with her murder. The controversial road to the gallows had begun for Herbert Armstrong – the only lawyer to hang in Britain in the twentieth century.
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